Can Probiotics Help You Lose Weight? Discover the Benefits for Your Gut and Waistline

You’re probably familiar with probiotics from advertising and understand that they play an important role in keeping our guts healthy and supporting digestion. But what exactly are they, and can they help you lose weight? Read on to hear from our Levity experts.

The role of gut health in weight management

Gut health plays an important role in weight management. This is largely due to the microbiome, which consists of trillions of bacteria, fungi and other microbes, which can influence how the body processes food, absorbs nutrients and stores fat. [1]

A balanced gut microbiome helps regulate metabolism and appetite by affecting hormones like ghrelin (which signals hunger) and leptin (which signals fullness). [2] In addition, an imbalance in gut bacteria, known as dysbiosis, has been linked to conditions such as obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. 

Taking care of your gut with a balanced diet including fiber, fermented foods and prebiotics can help support digestion, improve metabolism and possibly make weight management a bit easier. 

New research is showing that focusing on gut health, including adding probiotics to your routine, might be a helpful way to support weight loss and overall health. It's all about giving your body the right tools to thrive. [3]

Key probiotic strains for weight loss

Probiotics are tiny living organisms, like bacteria or yeast, that can be good for your health when you take them in the right amounts. They help to balance the helpful microbes in your body, especially in your stomach and digestive system.

Interestingly, people who are overweight tend to have different microbiomes from those who are a healthy weight. [4] To boost gut diversity and promote the growth of “good” microbes, you could consider adding probiotics into your diet.

But, it’s important to note that the evidence for probiotics in promoting weight loss is mixed. For example, an analysis of multiple studies found no effect of probiotics on weight loss. [5] 

On the other hand, another study found a positive trend between probiotic consumption and weight loss, but the effects were generally modest. [6] Additionally, a high-quality study also showed that adding a probiotic supplement to the diet of people with overweight and obesity for 6 months led to significant weight loss. [7] More rigorous research with larger sample sizes is needed to make any more definitive conclusions.

Probiotic strains that have shown promise for weight loss include:

  • Lactobacillus gasseri: This strain has been linked to reduced body weight, BMI, waist circumference and body fat (particularly visceral fat). [8]
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus: Studies have shown this strain to be effective for weight loss, especially in women [9]

However, since the research did not look at large groups of people, we can't be sure the results apply to everyone.

How probiotics could influence body weight regulation

Mechanisms of action

Probiotics can help increase the amount of  “good” bacteria in your gut and reduce the amount of “bad” bacteria that are linked to obesity. A better balance of bacteria could help reduce inflammation and help your body use nutrients more effectively. [10]

Probiotics also break down fiber in food into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These SCFAs help control fat storage, balance energy in your body and lower inflammation. [11] 

Additionally, probiotics might also affect how your gut talks to your brain, influencing hormones that control hunger and feelings of fullness. [12]

Effects on metabolism

Probiotics can also impact energy metabolism and fat storage. Some research in mice suggests that probiotics could help your body burn more energy. This could make your metabolism work faster, aiding weight loss. [13]

Probiotics can also improve insulin sensitivity. This could help your body manage blood sugar better and stop too much fat from being stored. [14]

Appetite regulation

Probiotics can affect hormones that control hunger, like leptin, which makes you feel full. Research shows that some probiotics can raise levels of leptin, helping you feel fuller for longer. [15]

Probiotics can also help control the speed at which your digestive system moves food along. This can make food digest faster, helping you feel fuller and reducing hunger. [16]

Methods to incorporate probiotics into your diet

Probiotic supplements

Probiotic supplements are a convenient way to introduce “good” bacteria into your gut, especially if you struggle to get enough from food. They come in various forms, including capsules, powders and chewables, each containing different strains of probiotics.

When choosing a supplement, look for one with live and active cultures, a diverse range of strains, and a high CFU (colony-forming unit) count to ensure effectiveness. [17]

Fermented foods

Incorporating fermented foods into your diet is a natural and delicious way to boost probiotic intake. Foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, miso and kombucha are rich in live cultures that can promote better gut health. 

Greek yogurt with live cultures makes a great breakfast or snack, while kimchi and sauerkraut can be added to meals for extra flavor. Including these foods regularly can contribute to a balanced gut microbiome.

Daily diet tips

To maximize probiotic benefits, pair them with prebiotic-rich foods like bananas, garlic, onions and whole grains which can help nourish the good bacteria. [18] Try starting your day with probiotic-rich yogurt, swapping soda for kombucha or adding fermented vegetables to your meals. 

Potential risks and side effects of probiotics

For most people, probiotics are safe but they can cause some side effects, especially when first introduced into the diet. For example, you might experience digestive discomfort like bloating, but this is usually temporary as the gut adjusts to the new bacteria. [19]

People with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients or those with severe illnesses, may be at risk of infections from probiotic bacteria. [20] If this applies to you, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider before use.

Future research directions in probiotics and weight loss

Future research will probably focus on creating personalized probiotic treatments that match each person’s unique gut microbiome. The goal is to improve overall health by choosing the right probiotic strains for each individual’s gut bacteria. [21]

It’s an exciting time for understanding how we can support our bodies in the best way possible.

Probiotics while using GLP-1s

If you’re using GLP-1 medications for weight loss, incorporating probiotics into the diet can be a great way to support gut health and enhance overall well-being. GLP-1s can sometimes cause side effects like vomiting and diarrhea, which can cause changes in gut bacteria. 

Right now, there’s no direct evidence to suggest that probiotics improve gut health during GLP-1 treatment. But, it would make sense that adding “good” bacteria to your digestive system could help keep your gut balanced, support digestion and ease discomfort. However, more research is needed to fully understand the benefits and any potential interactions.

Finally, a balanced approach to probiotics, focusing on both probiotic foods and supplements as needed, is the best way to support gut health safely. 

Interested in starting your own weight loss journey?

Start a consultation and see if you're eligible for a weight loss program with Levity to take control of your health today.

References:

  1. Noor J, Chaudhry A, Batool S, Noor R, Fatima G. Exploring the Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Obesity and Weight Loss: A Review Article. Cureus. 2023 Jun 25;15(6):e40948. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40948. PMID: 37503494; PMCID: PMC10368799.
  2. Yu M, Yu B, Chen D. The effects of gut microbiota on appetite regulation and the underlying mechanisms. Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2414796. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2414796. Epub 2024 Nov 6. PMID: 39501848; PMCID: PMC11542600.
  3. Cheng Z, Zhang L, Yang L, Chu H. The critical role of gut microbiota in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 20;13:1025706. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1025706. PMID: 36339448; PMCID: PMC9630587.
  4. Kim, MH., Yun, K.E., Kim, J. et al. Gut microbiota and metabolic health among overweight and obese individuals. Sci Rep 10, 19417 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76474-8
  5. Park S, Bae JH. Probiotics for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res. 2015 Jul;35(7):566-75. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.008. Epub 2015 May 21. PMID: 26032481.
  6. Torres B, Sánchez MC, Virto L, Llama-Palacios A, Ciudad MJ, Collado L. Use of probiotics in preventing and treating excess weight and obesity. A systematic review. Obes Sci Pract. 2024 Jun 19;10(3):e759. doi: 10.1002/osp4.759. PMID: 38903852; PMCID: PMC11187407.
  7. Michael, D.R., Jack, A.A., Masetti, G. et al. A randomised controlled study shows supplementation of overweight and obese adults with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria reduces bodyweight and improves well-being. Sci Rep 10, 4183 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60991-7
  8. Kadooka Y, Sato M, Imaizumi K, Ogawa A, Ikuyama K, Akai Y, Okano M, Kagoshima M, Tsuchida T. Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;64(6):636-43. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.19. Epub 2010 Mar 10. PMID: 20216555.
  9. Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady-Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E, Ngom-Bru C, Berger B, Philippe L, Ammon-Zuffrey C, Leone P, Chevrier G, St-Amand E, Marette A, Doré J, Tremblay A. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women. Br J Nutr. 2014 Apr 28;111(8):1507-19. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513003875. Epub 2013 Dec 3. PMID: 24299712.
  10.  Pinart M, Dötsch A, Schlicht K, Laudes M, Bouwman J, Forslund SK, Pischon T, Nimptsch K. Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 21;14(1):12. doi: 10.3390/nu14010012. PMID: 35010887; PMCID: PMC8746372.
  11.  Nagpal, R., Wang, S., Ahmadi, S. et al. Human-origin probiotic cocktail increases short-chain fatty acid production via modulation of mice and human gut microbiome. Sci Rep 8, 12649 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30114-4
  12. Borrelli, L., Aceto, S., Agnisola, C. et al. Probiotic modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and behaviour in zebrafish. Sci Rep 6, 30046 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30046
  13. Martin FP, Wang Y, Sprenger N, Yap IK, Lundstedt T, Lek P, Rezzi S, Ramadan Z, van Bladeren P, Fay LB, Kochhar S, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Probiotic modulation of symbiotic gut microbial-host metabolic interactions in a humanized microbiome mouse model. Mol Syst Biol. 2008;4:157. doi: 10.1038/msb4100190. Epub 2008 Jan 15. PMID: 18197175; PMCID: PMC2238715.
  14. Pan YQ, Zheng QX, Jiang XM, Chen XQ, Zhang XY, Wu JL. Probiotic Supplements Improve Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance/Sensitivity among Healthy and GDM Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Sep 22;2021:9830200. doi: 10.1155/2021/9830200. PMID: 34603479; PMCID: PMC8481047.
  15. Noormohammadi M, Ghorbani Z, Löber U, Mahdavi-Roshan M, Bartolomaeus TUP, Kazemi A, Shoaibinobarian N, Forslund SK. The effect of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on appetite-regulating hormones and desire to eat: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2023 Jan;187:106614. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106614. Epub 2022 Dec 17. PMID: 36538981.
  16. Miller LE, Ouwehand AC. Probiotic supplementation decreases intestinal transit time: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Aug 7;19(29):4718-25. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i29.4718. PMID: 23922468; PMCID: PMC3732843.
  17. Bernatek M, Żukiewicz-Sobczak W, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S, Piątek J. Factors Determining Effective Probiotic Activity: Evaluation of Survival and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Probiotic Products Using an "In Vitro" Study. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 13;14(16):3323. doi: 10.3390/nu14163323. PMID: 36014829; PMCID: PMC9413312.
  18. Markowiak P, Śliżewska K. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 15;9(9):1021. doi: 10.3390/nu9091021. PMID: 28914794; PMCID: PMC5622781.
  19. Doron S, Snydman DR. Risk and safety of probiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 May 15;60 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S129-34. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ085. PMID: 25922398; PMCID: PMC4490230.
  20. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), 2019. Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety. [online] Available at: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-usefulness-and-safety [Accessed 24 February 2025].
  21. Rojas López, A., & Barberis, M. (2024). Metabolic modeling for probiotic and prebiotic production to treat inflammatory disorders. Chemical Engineering Journal. doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.157852.

Continue reading